Chronologie · Restatement · Psychométriques

before, after, until, not until, once, as soon as. not until est le plus piégeux : They did not leave until midnight veut dire qu'ils sont partis à minuit, pas avant.

The longer a language learner postpones speaking with native speakers, the harder it becomes for that learner to overcome the fear of making mistakes.

(1)Learners who start speaking with native speakers early tend to make more mistakes than learners who wait until they feel ready.(2)The more a learner fears making mistakes, the longer he or she should wait before starting to speak with native speakers.(3)Learners who wait a long time before speaking with native speakers are no more afraid of making mistakes than others.(4)Delaying conversation with native speakers makes learners' fear of mistakes increasingly hard to overcome.

It was not until the invention of the printing press that books became affordable enough for ordinary people to own them.

(1)Books only became cheap enough for ordinary people to own after the printing press was invented.(2)Ordinary people already owned many affordable books long before the printing press was invented.(3)The printing press was invented because ordinary people wanted to own books that they could afford to buy.(4)Since the invention of the printing press, books have become too expensive for ordinary people.

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