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שלב 11 מתוך 18

La modalité et la certitude

must (obligation ou quasi-certitude), should (conseil), may / might / could (possibilité), is likely to (probable), tends to (en général). Une option qui remplace may par will ou proves ajoute de la certitude : elle tombe.

Exemple résolu : la certitude ajoutée

The new policy may reduce unemployment.

$1$ Squelette : possibilité d'une baisse du chômage.
$2$ The new policy will reduce unemployment. will transforme une possibilité en certitude.
$\Rightarrow$ The new policy could lead to lower unemployment. could garde la même prudence : fidèle.

שאלהIt is believed that the painting is a copy et The painting is a copy disent-elles la même chose ?

Non. La première rapporte une croyance (on pense que c'est une copie) ; la seconde affirme un fait. Une option qui passe de l'une à l'autre est fausse.

תרגיל 1 מתוך 2

It is widely believed that the ancient bridge was built by the Romans, but no document from that period has been found to support this view.

It is widely believed that the ancient bridge was built by the Romans, but no document from that period has been found to support this view.(1)Documents from the Roman period show clearly that the ancient bridge was built by the Romans, as many believe.(2)Many people think that the Romans constructed the ancient bridge, although no record from that time confirms this belief.(3)The ancient bridge was certainly built by the Romans, even though documents about it have been lost.(4)Few people believe that the Romans built the ancient bridge, because no document supports this view.

תרגיל 2 מתוך 2

Hardly any of the paintings in the exhibition had been shown to the public before, which is why critics described it as a rare opportunity.

Hardly any of the paintings in the exhibition had been shown to the public before, which is why critics described it as a rare opportunity.(1)Most of the paintings in the exhibition had already been displayed to the public, so critics were disappointed.(2)Critics described the exhibition as a rare opportunity because some of its paintings had never been shown before.(3)Because almost none of the paintings had been shown publicly before, critics called the exhibition a rare chance.(4)According to critics, none of the paintings in the exhibition had ever been shown to the public before.

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בשלב הבא Piège 1 : l'idée en trop