יש לקרוא את שני הטקסטים ולענות על השאלות באנגלית. אפשר לענות במילים שלך, אלא אם השאלה מבקשת להעתיק מהטקסט. על טעויות בדקדוק או בכתיב לא מורידים נקודות.
Read the two texts and answer the questions in English. Answer in your own words if the question does not ask for words from the text. Points are not taken off for mistakes in grammar or spelling.
Text 1: Eyes on Four Legs
For people who are blind, a guide dog can change everything. With
a well-trained dog, they can cross busy streets, take a bus to work or
walk to the shops on their own. The first schools for guide dogs
opened in Germany about a hundred years ago, after many soldiers lost
their sight in the First World War.
Not every dog can become a guide dog. Most guide dogs are
Labradors, Golden Retrievers or German Shepherds, because these dogs
are calm, clever and easy to train. When a puppy is about two months
old, it goes to live with a volunteer family for around a year. The
family teaches it good manners and takes it to noisy places, so it
will not be afraid.
Then the real training begins. The dog learns to stop at every
step and every road, and to walk around things in its way. It even
learns to say "no." If its owner tells it to cross the road but a car
is coming, the dog will not move.
If you see a guide dog, please do not touch it, feed it or call
it. When it is wearing its harness, it is working.
Text 2: A Short History of the Umbrella
Today you can buy an umbrella for a few shekels, but this simple
object has a long history. The word "umbrella" comes from the Latin
word umbra, which means "shade." This tells us something important:
the first umbrellas were not for rain at all. Thousands of years ago,
in Egypt, China and other ancient lands, rich and important people
walked under large umbrellas to keep the hot sun off their heads.
Usually a servant held the umbrella for them.
The Chinese were among the first to use umbrellas against the
rain. They covered paper umbrellas with oil or wax, so the water could
not get through.
In Europe, for a long time people saw umbrellas as something only
women used. In the 1750s, an Englishman called Jonas Hanway started
carrying one in the streets of London. People laughed at him and
shouted at him, but he did not stop. Slowly, more and more men
followed him.
In the 1850s, umbrellas with steel frames appeared. They were
lighter and stronger than the old ones made of wood or whalebone.
Later came umbrellas that fold up small enough to fit in a bag.
תרגילים
Text 1 — Questions 1–8
תרגיל 1
According to paragraph 1, a guide dog helps a blind person to ___. Choose the correct answer. (Text 1, lines 1–3)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ד go to places without help from other people
תרגיל 2
When and why did the first schools for guide dogs open? (Text 1, lines 3–5)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|About a hundred years ago, in Germany, because many soldiers lost their sight in the First World War.}}
תרגיל 3
Why are Labradors, Golden Retrievers and German Shepherds often chosen as guide dogs? Choose the correct answer. (Text 1, lines 6–8)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: א They are calm, clever and easy to train.
תרגיל 4
Complete the sentence. (Text 1, lines 8–9)
A puppy goes to live with a volunteer family when it is about ____ old, and it stays there for around ____.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: A puppy goes to live with a volunteer family when it is about two months old, and it stays there for around a year.
תרגיל 5
Why does the volunteer family take the puppy to noisy places? (Text 1, lines 10–11)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|So that it will not be afraid (of noise and crowds later, when it works).}}
תרגיל 6
During its training, the dog learns to stop at steps and roads.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: נכון · “The dog learns to stop at every step and every road”
תרגיל 7
A guide dog always does what its owner tells it to do.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: לא נכון · “If its owner tells it to cross the road but a car is coming, the dog will not move”
תרגיל 8
The text says that a guide dog "learns to say no." Give the example from the text, and explain why this is important. (Text 1, lines 13–15)
The example:
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|If its owner tells it to cross the road but a car is coming, the dog will not move.}}
תרגיל 9
The text says that a guide dog "learns to say no." Give the example from the text, and explain why this is important. (Text 1, lines 13–15)
Why it is important:
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|It keeps the blind person safe, because the owner cannot see the danger.}}
תרגיל 10
What does the last paragraph ask people to do? Choose the correct answer. (Text 1, lines 16–17)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ב Leave a working guide dog alone.
Text 2 — Questions 9–15
תרגיל 11
The Latin word umbra means ___. Choose the correct answer. (Text 2, lines 2–3)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ד shade
תרגיל 12
What were the first umbrellas used for, and who used them? (Text 2, lines 4–7)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|They were used to keep the hot sun off people's heads / to give shade; rich and important people used them.}}
תרגיל 13
Complete the sentence. (Text 2, lines 8–10)
The Chinese made umbrellas that kept out the rain by ___.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|covering paper umbrellas with oil or wax}}
תרגיל 14
For a long time, people in Europe thought that umbrellas were ___. Choose the correct answer. (Text 2, lines 11–12)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ג only for women
תרגיל 15
How did people in London react when Jonas Hanway carried an umbrella, and what happened in the end? (Text 2, lines 12–15)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|They laughed at him and shouted at him. In the end, more and more men followed him / started to carry umbrellas.}}
תרגיל 16
The umbrellas of the 1850s were better than older umbrellas because ___. Choose the correct answer. (Text 2, lines 16–17)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ב they were lighter and stronger
תרגיל 17
Which fact in the text surprised you the most? Explain why.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|Personal answer: a correct fact from the text, for example the first umbrellas were for the sun / men did not use umbrellas / Hanway was laughed at + a clear reason.}}