יש לקרוא את הטקסט ולענות על השאלות באנגלית. אפשר לענות במילים שלך, אלא אם השאלה מבקשת להעתיק מהטקסט. אחר כך כותבים את החיבור בחלק B.
Read the text and answer the questions in English. Answer in your own words if the question does not ask for words from the text. Then write the composition in Part B.
For many people, the word "shark" brings one picture to mind: a huge
animal with sharp teeth, waiting to attack swimmers. Films have made sharks
look like monsters. But scientists say that much of what people believe
about sharks is wrong.
First of all, there is not just one kind of shark. There are more than
500 species, and they come in all sizes. The dwarf lanternshark is small
enough to hold in your hand. The whale shark, the largest fish in the world,
can grow longer than a bus, but it eats only plankton – tiny plants and
animals that float in the water.
Another common myth is that sharks love to eat people. In fact, humans
are not part of a shark's normal diet, and attacks are very rare. Around the
world, fewer than ten people a year die from shark bites. Many scientists
believe that when a shark bites a person, it is often a mistake: in dark
water, a swimmer can look like a seal.
Some people also think that all sharks must keep swimming or they will
die. This is true for only some species. Others, like the nurse shark, can
rest on the sea floor and still breathe.
The real danger is to the sharks themselves. People kill tens of
millions of sharks every year, mostly for their meat and fins. Because
sharks grow slowly and have few babies, many species are now in danger. This
is bad news for the whole ocean, because sharks help to keep it healthy. In
Israel, sharks are protected by law, and every winter, visitors come to
watch the sharks that gather in the warm water near the power station in
Hadera.
תרגילים
Part A — Reading Comprehension
תרגיל 1
According to the first paragraph, why do many people think that sharks are monsters? (lines 1–4)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ג Films have made sharks look like monsters.
תרגיל 2
Complete the table with information from paragraph 2. (lines 5–9)
Columns: Dwarf lanternshark | Whale shark
Size — ___ — ___
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|small enough to hold in your hand; longer than a bus / the largest fish in the world.}}
תרגיל 3
Complete the table with information from paragraph 2. (lines 5–9)
Columns: Dwarf lanternshark | Whale shark
Food — (not mentioned) — ___
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|plankton – tiny plants and animals that float in the water}}
תרגיל 4
Why do many scientists believe that a shark sometimes bites a person by mistake? (lines 12–14)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|In dark water, a swimmer can look like a seal (an animal that sharks eat), so the shark does not know it is a person.}}
תרגיל 5
Sharks kill hundreds of people every year.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: לא נכון · “fewer than ten people a year die from shark bites”
תרגיל 6
Every kind of shark must swim all the time to stay alive.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: לא נכון · “This is true for only some species”
תרגיל 7
Sharks have only a small number of babies.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: נכון · “have few babies”
תרגיל 8
What do we learn about the nurse shark? (lines 16–17)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ד It can rest on the sea floor and still breathe.
תרגיל 9
What do the following words refer to?
“it” (line 8) refers to ___
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|the whale shark}}
תרגיל 10
What do the following words refer to?
“it” (line 21) refers to ___
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|the (whole) ocean}}
תרגיל 11
Why are many species of sharks now in danger? Write TWO reasons. (lines 18–20)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|People kill tens of millions of sharks every year (for their meat and fins); Sharks grow slowly and have few babies.}}
תרגיל 12
What is the writer's main purpose?
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ד to show that sharks are less dangerous than people think, and that they need protection
תרגיל 13
Look at the title: "Sharks: Monsters or Victims?" Which word fits sharks better in your opinion? Explain, using ONE piece of information from the text.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|Most answers: "victims" – people kill tens of millions of sharks a year, while fewer than ten people a year die from shark bites. Accept "monsters" only with a reason from the text (for example they do sometimes bite people).}}
Part B — Writing
תרגיל 14
Your friend has stopped swimming in the sea because he or she is afraid of sharks. Write a message to your friend. In your message: • use information from the text to explain why there is no need to be so afraid; • suggest something you can do together at the beach. Write 60–80 words.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|A good answer is a friendly message (greeting and closing) with at least two facts from the text in the student's own words (attacks are very rare – fewer than ten deaths a year; humans are not part of a shark's normal diet; bites are often a mistake; most species are harmless, for example the whale shark eats plankton) and one concrete suggestion (swimming near the lifeguard, playing beach volleyball, watching the sharks in Hadera from the shore). Rubric: content – all the points of the task, good ideas; organization – opening, ideas in a logical order, linking words, closing; language – vocabulary, grammar, spelling and punctuation that do not block understanding. Answers far shorter than 60 words lose content points.}}