יש לקרוא את הטקסט ולענות על השאלות באנגלית. אפשר לענות במילים שלך, אלא אם השאלה מבקשת להעתיק מהטקסט. אין להשתמש במילון: המילים הקשות מוסברות ברשימת המילים שמתחת לטקסט. חלק C הוא משימת אוצר מילים.
Read the text and answer the questions in English. Answer in your own words if the question does not ask for words from the text. You may NOT use a dictionary; difficult words are explained in the word list under the text. Part C is a vocabulary task.
A letter to the editor
Dear Editor,
I am writing in response to last week's article "Lazy Teenagers?", in
which a teacher claimed that students are tired in the morning because they
stay up late on their phones. As a grade 11 student, I would like to offer a
different explanation – and a possible solution.
Scientists have known for years that the body clock changes during the
teenage years. Melatonin, the hormone that makes us feel sleepy, is released
up to two hours later in teenagers than in adults or young children. This
means that many teenagers simply cannot fall asleep before eleven at night,
even when they turn off their phones. At the same time, doctors say that
teenagers need between eight and ten hours of sleep a night. If school
starts at eight, and many students have to get up at half past six to catch
a bus, it is almost impossible to get enough sleep.
Lack of sleep is not a small problem. Tired students find it harder to
concentrate, to remember what they have learned and to control their mood.
They are also more likely to have accidents on the way to school, especially
those who ride bicycles or scooters.
Some places have already tried a different approach. In 2016, high
schools in Seattle, in the United States, moved their start time from 7:50
to 8:45. Researchers found that students slept, on average, 34 minutes more
each night, and their grades improved. Fewer students arrived late or missed
lessons.
I understand that a later start is not simple. Parents who work would
need to change their plans, and bus companies would need new timetables.
Some teachers might have to stay later in the afternoon. However, our school
could begin with a small step: starting at nine o'clock twice a week, and
checking the results after one year.
Instead of calling teenagers lazy, let us look at the science. A school
day that fits our bodies will make us better students – and much happier
people. I hope that our principal will read this letter and give the idea a
fair chance.
Ori Ben-David, grade 11
תרגילים
Part A — Reading Comprehension
תרגיל 1
Why did Ori write this letter? (lines 2–5)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: א to answer an article that said students are tired because of their phones
תרגיל 2
According to scientists, why can't many teenagers fall asleep before eleven at night? (lines 6–10)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|Their body clock changes: melatonin, the hormone that makes us feel sleepy, is released up to two hours later in teenagers than in adults or young children.}}
תרגיל 3
Ori writes that it is "almost impossible to get enough sleep." Explain why, using the numbers in the text. (lines 9–13)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|Teenagers need 8–10 hours of sleep, but many cannot fall asleep before 11 p.m. and must get up at 6:30 a.m., so they sleep only about seven and a half hours (or less).}}
תרגיל 4
Complete the graphic organizer with the effects of lack of sleep. (lines 14–17)
find it harder to ___
find it harder to ___
find it harder to ___
are more likely to ___
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|concentrate; remember what they have learned; control their mood; have accidents on the way to school.}}
תרגיל 5
In Seattle, high schools began to start later than before.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: נכון · “moved their start time from 7:50 to 8:45”
תרגיל 6
After the change, the students in Seattle slept less.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: לא נכון · “students slept, on average, 34 minutes more each night”
תרגיל 7
Ori wants the school to start at nine o'clock every day from now on.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: לא נכון · “starting at nine o'clock twice a week”
תרגיל 8
Ori admits that a later start is "not simple." Write TWO problems that he mentions. (lines 23–25)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|Parents who work would need to change their plans; Bus companies would need new timetables / some teachers might have to stay later in the afternoon.}}
תרגיל 9
What do the following words refer to?
“they” (line 3) refers to ___
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|students}}
תרגיל 10
What do the following words refer to?
“those” (line 17) refers to ___
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|(tired) students}}
תרגיל 11
Think about the letter as a whole.
Which word best describes the tone of the letter: angry, polite or funny? Give ONE example.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|Polite (and logical): he understands the problems of a later start, offers a small step, and uses science and research instead of insults.}}
תרגיל 12
Think about the letter as a whole.
Do you agree that school should start later? Give TWO reasons.
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: {{en|Personal answer: a clear opinion with two reasons that fit the question + clear English.}}
Part C — Vocabulary
תרגיל 13
Match each word from the text (Column A) with its meaning (Column B).
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: claimed (line 3) — said that something is true · solution (line 5) — an answer to a problem · improved (line 21) — got better
תרגיל 14
Choose the answer closest in meaning to the word in the text. “Lack” (line 14)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ד not having enough
תרגיל 15
Choose the answer closest in meaning to the word in the text. “fits” (line 29)
להציג את התשובה והפתרון
התשובה: ב is suitable for